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Book Review: A Contrarian View of How Consciousness Evolved

Emily Cataneo· 25 septembre 2026

In “Natural Intelligence & the Logic of Consciousness,” neuroscientist Antonio Damasio argues against the conventional theory that consciousness stems from high-level brain function and cognition, which in turn leads to feelings. Instead, he writes, our basest feelings led us to our loftiest though…

Résumé

1

Book overview

The article reviews the book Natural Intelligence: How Consciousness Evolved by psychologist and neuroscientist *Michael S.

A.

Graziano*.

The book challenges mainstream scientific views on how consciousness emerged in humans and other animals.

Graziano argues that consciousness is not a mysterious or supernatural phenomenon but a natural product of evolution, shaped by biological and cognitive processes.

He proposes that consciousness arises from the brain’s ability to model its own attention, a concept he calls the attention schema theory.

The book synthesizes decades of research in neuroscience, psychology, and evolutionary biology to present a contrarian perspective on a topic often dominated by philosophical debates.

Graziano’s work is positioned as a bridge between hard science and broader public understanding of consciousness.

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