Cleaning up PFAS

PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a group of over 12,000 human-made chemicals known for their strong carbon-fluorine bonds, which make them extremely durable.

Due to this durability, they are often called forever chemicals because they do not break down easily in the environment.

PFAS have been used for decades in a wide range of products, including nonstick cookware, waterproof clothing, firefighting foams, and food packaging.

Their resistance to heat, water, and oil has made them popular in industrial and consumer applications.

However, their persistence also means they accumulate in the environment and in living organisms, including humans.

Studies have linked PFAS exposure to serious health issues such as fertility problems, developmental delays in children, certain cancers, and a weakened immune system.

For example, a 2022 report found that 89% of the U.S.

population had PFAS levels in their blood exceeding 2 nanograms per milliliter, a threshold associated with potential adverse health effects, while 9% had levels above 20 nanograms per milliliter, which is considered riskier.