Is everything conscious?

Philosophy often seeks to make the world intelligible by providing explanations that render facts not arbitrary but inevitable.

This idea is central to the work of German polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) and Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), who argued that every fact must have a sufficient reason for why it exists and why it is the way it is.

For example, the mathematical fact that one plus one equals two is not just true but unavoidable once understood.

Leibniz and Spinoza believed that philosophy’s role is to uncover these reasons, making reality comprehensible and meaningful.

This aspiration is described by US philosopher Michael Della Rocca as the 'perennial hope and promise of philosophy', aiming to show that the world and our place in it are not random but structured by reason.